Cloud computing delivers on‑demand IT resources over the Internet using a pay‑as‑you‑go model, replacing the need for organizations to own and maintain physical data centers. While it offers elasticity, cost savings, and rapid provisioning, several key challenges limit its adoption. The most frequently cited issues are security and privacy—cloud users must trust third‑party providers to protect data against unauthorized access, breaches, and compliance failures such as GDPR or HIPAA obligations. Visibility and control are also reduced, making it harder for customers to see how resources are configured or optimized. Migration itself poses technical and operational hurdles, including understanding application dependencies, assessing feasibility, and managing compatibility across platforms, which can lead to downtime or data loss. Cost overruns are common; a Gartner survey found 69% of IT leaders exceeded cloud budgets in 2023, and Flexera reports average overspend of 15% despite cost‑saving initiatives. Threats identified by the Cloud Security Alliance—insufficient APIs, data loss, and hardware failure—exacerbate these risks, while legal tensions such as the U.S. CLOUD Act versus EU GDPR create further uncertainty about data ownership and cross‑border access. Addressing these root causes requires stronger security architectures, better visibility tools, disciplined migration planning, proactive cost monitoring, and clear legal frameworks. Practically, organizations should adopt automation to reduce misconfigurations, engage cloud professionals for migration, continuously monitor spend, and employ encryption and compliance checks to mitigate privacy and regulatory risks. [1] [2]